Subject Code: ES6L116	Subject Name: Advances in Polar Geosciences	L-T-P: 3-0-0	Credit: 3
Pre-requisite:
Overview of Polar Geography and Climate; History of Indian Antarctic programme; Physical characteristics, weather and climate, ice coring in Antarctica for Paleo-environment studies, logistics of Antarctic Science, opportunities; Antarctic governance and protection of Antarctic environment, International linkages. Ice characteristics and physical oceanography of polar seas; Sea ice: types, physical and mechanical properties, heat flux, temporal and spatial distribution; Melting and freezing processes; Forecasting models and remote sensing of ice/snow covered surfaces; Physical oceanography of currents and water masses; Deep and bottom water formation, fronts and eddies; Polynya processes and underwater acoustics. Text/Reference Books: Anderson, J.B., Antarctic Marine Geology, Cambridge University Press Alessandro Capra and Reinhard Dietrich, Geodetic and Geophysical Observations in Antarctica: An Overview in the IPY Perspective Walker O. Smith Jr., Polar Oceanography: Chemistry, Biology, and Geology, Academic Press. John B. Anderson, Antarctic Marine Geology, Cambridge University Press.