Paleoceanographic changes in relation to earth system history including impact of the oceans on climate change; Evolution of oceans through the Cenozoic; Ocean gateways and their role in controlling global climates; Reconstructing Quaternary climatic and oceanographic history on shorter time scales using marine records; Mineral resources of the ocean including polymetallic nodules; Hydrocarbons beneath the sea floor; Marine gas hydrates and their economic potential
Different types paleoclimatic proxies; their applicability and limitations; Instrumental records; Historical written records; Tree rings; speleothem; Ice cores; Coral reefs: hundred thousands of years; Lake sediments; Deep ocean sediments; Sediments on land/shallow ocean.
Text/Reference Books:
- Murray-Wallace, Colin V. and Woodroffe, Colin D., Quaternary Sea-Level Changes: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press
- Bradley, R.S., Paleoclimatology; Reconstructing climates of the Past. Elesevier
- Fairchild, Ian J. and Baker, Andy, Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environments, Willey-Blackwell
- Hillaire-Marcel, C. and de Vernal, Ann, Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography: 1 (Developments in Marine Geology), Elsevier Science
- Kennth, J.P., Marine Geology, Prentice Hall
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