Introduction: Basic structure of digital control systems, Sampled-data control systems, DAC, ADC,
Sample-and-hold operation, Sampling and reconstruction: ZOH and frequency domain considerations,
Shanon’s sampling theorem, Frequency spectrum; Transform Analysis of Sampled-Data Systems: Linear
difference equation, Pulse response, Z-transform: review of properties and theorems, Inverse Ztransform, Relationship between z-plane and s-plane, Transform pairs; Discrete-Time System Modeling:
Pulse transfer function, z-transfer function, discrete-time system with cascaded elements separated and
not-separated by a sampler, Pulse transfer function of ZOH, Closed-loop systems, Characteristic
equation, Sampled signal flow graph, Mason’s gain formula; Stability Analysis: Introduction, Theorems,
Stability tests: Bilinear transformation method and Jury’s test, Performance specifications in time
domain, Prototype second order system and response analysis, Steady state error analysis, Root loci;
Frequency Domain Analysis: Introduction, Polar Plot, Nyquist stability criterion, Bode plot, Gain and
phase margin, Closed-loop frequency response, z-domain equivalents of s-domain transfer functions;
State Space Analysis: State equations and state transition equations with S/H devices, Relationship
between state equations and transfer functions, Diagonalization, Computation of state transition matrix,
State diagram, Decomposition of transfer functions, Realization of digital filters, Controllability and
observability; Pole Placement Design and State Observers: Introduction, State feedback, Pole assignment
by state feedback, Ackerman’s formula, Deadbeat control, State observers, Deadbeat observer, The
Separation Principle, Reduce order observer; Design of Digital Compensators: Frequency response based
designs: Lead compensator, Lag compensator, Lead-lag compensator, Design using root locus plots: Lead
compensator, Lag compensator, Lead-lag compensator, Digital PID controller design.
Text/Reference Books:
- 1. B. C. Kuo, “Digital Control Systems”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.
- 2. K. Ogata, “Discrete-Time Control Systems”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2009.
- 3. Charles L. Phillips , Troy Nagle , James Brickley, “Digital Control System Analysis and Design”, Prentice Hall, 2014.
- 4. M. Gopal, “Digital Control Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 1996.
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