Amplifier models: Voltage amplifier, curent amplifier, transconductance amplifier and transresistance amplifier. Biasing schemes for BJT and FET amplifiers, bias stability, various configurations (such as CE/CS, CB/CG, CC/CD) and their features, small signal analysis, low frequency transistor models, estimation of voltage gain, input resistance, output resistance etc., design procedure for particular specifications, low frequency analysis of multistage amplifiers. High frequency transistor models, frequency response of single stage and multistage amplifiers, cascade amplifier. Various classes of operation (Class A, B, AB, C etc.), their power efficiency and linearity issues; Feedback topologies: Voltage series, current series, voltage shunt, current shunt, effect of feedback on gain, bandwidth etc., calculation with practical circuits, concept of stability, gain margin and phase margin; Oscillators: Review of the basic concept, Barkhausen criterion, RC oscillators (phase shift, Wien bridge etc.), LC oscillators (Hartley, Collpit, Clapp etc.), non-sinusoidal oscillators; Current mirror: Basic topology and its variants, V-I characteristics, output resistance and minimum sustainable voltage, maximum usable load.
Differential amplifier: Basic structure and principle of operation, calculation of differential gain, common mode gain, CMRR and ICMR; OP-AMP design: design of differential amplifier for a given specification, design of gain stages and output stages, compensation; OP-AMP applications: review of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, integrator and differentiator, summing amplifier, precision rectifier, Schmitt trigger and its applications. Active filters: Low pass, high pass, bandpass and bandstop, design guidelines. Digital-to-analog converters (DAC): Weighted resistor, R-2R ladder, resistor string; Analog-to-digital converters (ADC): Single slope, dual slope, successive approximation, flash. |
Text Books:
- S. Sedra, and K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits,” Oxford University Press, India, 2005.
- A. Malvino, and D. J. Bates; “Electronic Principles,” Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2007.
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