Subject Code: CE4L045	Subject Name: Earth Retaining Structures	L-T-P: 3-0-0	Credit: 3
Pre-requisite(s): None
Earth Pressure: Fundamental relationships between the lateral pressures and the strain with a back fill. Rankine’s and Coulomb’s theories, Active, passive and earth pressure at-rest; Backfill with broken surface, wall with broken back, concentrated surcharge above the back fill, earth pressure due to uniform surcharge, earth pressure of stratified backfills, saturated and partially saturated backfill. Passive earth pressure in engineering practice. Assumption and conditions, point of application of passive earth pressures; Bulkheads: Definition and assumptions, conditions of end supports and distribution of active earth pressure and bulkheads, bulkheads with free and fixed earth supports, equivalent beam method, Improvements suggested by Rowe, Tschebotarioff’s method, Anchorage of bulkheads and resistance of anchor walls, spacing between bulkheads and anchor walls, resistance of anchor plates, Consideration of effects of ground water, seepage, surcharge loading together with possibility of shallow and deep sliding failures on retaining structure; Sheet Pile wall: Free earth system, fixed earth system, Dead man; Tunnel and Conduit: Stress distribution around tunnels, Types of conduits, Load on projecting conduits; Arching and Open Cuts: Arching in soils, Braced excavations, Earth pressure against bracings in cuts, Heave of the bottom of cut in soft clays; Reinforced earth retaining structures-Design of earth embankments and slopes; Recent advances in Earth retaining structures. Text/Reference Books: Das B.M.Principles of Foundation Engineering, Thomson, Indian Edition. Clayton C.R.I., Milititsky J. and Woods R.I. Earth Pressure and Earth-retaining Structures, Chapman and Hall Publishers. Bowel J.Foundation Engineering, Analysis and Design, McGraw Hill. Raj P.Geotechnical Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill. Craig R.F.Soil Mechanics, Chapman and Hall (ELBS).